In a kidney transplant, a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is surgically implanted into a patient whose kidneys are no longer functioning correctly. On either side of the spine, right below the rib cage, are two bean-shaped organs called the kidneys. They are all roughly the size of a fist. Urine production serves as their primary means of filtering and eliminating waste, minerals, and fluid from the blood. When kidneys lose their capacity to filter, dangerous amounts of fluid and waste build up in the body, raising blood pressure and leading to kidney failure (end-stage renal disease). When the kidneys have lost roughly 90% of their ability to operate normally, the condition is known as end-stage renal disease.
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